Imyaka 43 irashize ikirangirire mu mateka y’umuziki n’injyana ya Reggae Bob Marley apfuye azize kanseri, ni inkuru yashenguye benshi tariki nk’iyi ya 11 Gicurasi 1981 ubwo yapfaga ku myaka 36 asize abana barenga 11.
Amazina ye bwite yiswe n’ababyeyi ni Robert Nesta Marley, ni icyamamare cyaterwaga ishema no kuba umwirabura mu gihe abandi babyanga urunuka kuko bemera no kwihindura impu, Se umubyara Norval Sinclair Marley yari umuzungu w’Umwongereza nyina Cedella Malcolm yari umwiraburakazi.
Bob Marley yari muntu ki?
Tariki ya 6 Gashyantare 2024, Bob Marley yari bube yizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 79, yavukiye mu ifamu ya Sekuru ahitwa Saint Ann Parish muri Jamaica. Bob Marley akiri muto amazina yari yahawe n’ababyeyi haje kuvanwamo Nesta kuri pasiporo ye kuko ngo ryumvikanaga nk’iry’abakobwa.
Ku myaka 10 y’amavuko Se wa Bob Marley yapfuye azize umutima, maze mama we ahita ajya kwishakira undi mugabo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Ibi byatumye Marley ahabwa inshingano zo kwita ku bavandimwe be babiri Richard na Anthony.
Yavukaga mu muryango ufite imyemerere ya kiliziya Gatolika, gusa yaje kuyoboka idini ya Rastafari we yafataga nk’idini ry’urukuno. Ubwo yashakagana na Rita Marley umugore we wa mbere nawe yimukiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, maze amara igihe akora muri Hoteli DuPont muri Leta ya Miami ndetse no mu ruganda rw’imodoka rwa Chrysler.
Idini ya Rastafari bemerewe ikiyobyabwenge cy’urumogi ku rwego rwo hejuru, kugeza aho ibiyobyabwenge babibona mu miti isanzwe yifashishwa mu buvuzi, ibi byatumye na Bob Marley ayoboka iki cyatsi karahava aho yahinduraga imyemerere ye ya Gatulika mu 1996. Yafungiwe kenshi iki kiyobyabwenge ariko ntiyigeze agicikaho.
Bob Marley ni umwe mu bahirimbaniye ubwingenge bw’Afurika “Pana-Africanism”, ntiyumvaga ibyo kuba uyu mugabane warabaye ingaruzwamuheto w’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ibi yabinyuzaga mu ndirimbo ze nka Exodus, Survival, Blackman Redemption. Indirimbo ye Africa Unite yaririmbye ahwitura Abanyafurika baba hanze y’umugabane gusenyera umugozi umwe bakarwanya “Babylon”.
Bwa mbere yashatse umugore tariki 10 Gashyantare 1966, ashakana na Alpharita Constantia “Rita”Anderson, mu kwiha akabyizi ntabwo yari umunebwe kuko abagore yabyaranye nabo barenze umwe. Abana be bazwi ni 11, gusa ngo abana yabyaye barenze abavugwa, abana be bamenyekanye ni David Ziggy Marley yabyaranye na Rita ndetse na Damian na Cindy Breakspeare.
Bamwe mu bagore be bazwi ni Rita Marley, Pat Williams, Janet Hunt, Janet Bowen, Lucy Pounder, Anita Belnavis na Cindy Breakspeare.
Nyuma y’umuziki Bob Marley yacongaga ruhago, yakuze afana ikipe ya Santos yo muri Brazil umutima we yari yaraweguriye umunyabigwi muri ruhago Pele, mu Bwongereza yafanaga ikipe ya Tottenham Hostpus. Yarivugiye ati “Ushaka kumenya, ufite gukinana nanjye umupira w’amaguru.”
Bob Marley umwami w’injyana ya Reggea
Benshi iyo bavuze injyana ya Reggea bumva cyane Bob Marley n’abandi bakanyujijejo nka Lucky Dube, injyana ifite inkomoko muri Jamaica.
Bob Marley ni umwe mu bigaruriye imitima y’abakunzi b’umuziki ku isi, akaba yarabarizwaga mu itsinda ry’abaririmbyi rya The Waillers ryarimo abahanzi nka Bunny Wailler, Peter Tosh, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso na Chery Smith.
Mu 1962 Bob Marley yakoze indirimbo enye Judge Not, One Cup of Coffee, Do you still Love Me na Terror zimwe mu zatangiye gukundwa n’abatari bake. No Woman No Cry ni imwe mu ndirimbo zamufashije kurenza umuziki we imbibe za Jamaica, iyi yaje muri Top 50 ku rubuga rwa Billboard.
Tariki 3 Ukuboza 1976 iminsi ibiri mbere y’igitaramo Smile Jamaica cyateguwe na Minisitiri w’Intebe Michael Manley, Bob Marley ari kumwe n’umugore we n’inshuti ye Don Tylor barokotse urupfu kuko yatewe n’abantu bitwajwe intwaro bakabakomeretsa.
Mu 1976 kugeza 1979 Bob Marley yimukiye mu Bwongereza nyuma y’uko bagerageje kumwica, agezeyo yahakoreye album ebyiri Exodus na Kaya. Ari mu murwa mukuru London yaje gufatwa arafungwa nyuma yo gufatanwa urumogi. Gusa ubwo yari yarahungiye mu Bwongereza yaje kujya kuririmba mu gitaramo iwabo muri Jamaica ku busabe bwa Michael Manley wayoboraga ishyaka rya People’s National Party.
Album Survival nimwe muzafashwe nka Politike aho yariho indirimbo iharanira ubwigenge bwa Afurika nka Zimbabwe, Africa Unite, Wake Up and Live.
Bob Marley yapfuye azize kanseri
Muri Nyakanga 1977 yaje gukomerekera mu mukino w’umupira w’amaguru yakinaga, gusa igikomere cyangwa gukira biza kugaragaza ko biterwana kanseri amaranye igihe.
Bob Marley abaganga baje kugaragaza ko afite indwara ya Melanomas ituma uruhu rutakaza umusemburo wa melanine, ibi byatumye uruhu rwe rutabasha kwihanganira izuba. Inama yahawe n’abaganga ntabwo yigeze azumva maze biza gutuma indwara ye ifata indi ntera, ibikorwa by’umuziki birahagarara.
Ubwo yari mu ngendo zo kumurika album ye Uprising yaje kugwa ku rubyiniro imbere y’abarenga ibihumbi 100 muri NewYork, ageze kwa muganga basanze kanseri ye yaramaze gufata umutima, ibihaha ndetse n’impyiko.
Maze tariki 11 Gicurasi 1981 ku myaka 36 y’amavuko, Bob Marley yitaba Imana mu bitaro bya Kaminuza bya Miami muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
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