Hari byinshi byaranze amateka bitazigera bisibangana mu mitwe y’Abanyarwanda, uhereye ku mwaduko w’abazungu mu 1894 kugeza kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ihagarikwa ryayo mu 1994.
Mu by’ingenzi twavuga byabaye hagati aho, ni ingirwa-mpinduramatwara yo mu 1959 yakurikiwe n’ihirikwa ry’ingoma y’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, ubwicanyi bwakorewe abo bari bahuje ubwoko, no guhunga kwa murumuna we Kigeli V Ndahindurwa wagombaga kumusimbura.
Mutara na Kigeli, bombi ni abahungu ba Yuhi V Musinga na we wirukanywe n’Abakoloni b’Ababiligi mu 1931, ari na yo yabaye intandaro y’ibibazo byose u Rwanda rwaje guhura nabyo mu myaka yakurikiyeho.
Yuhi Musinga (1883 – 1944), ni umuhungu wa Kigeli Rwabugili na Nyirayuhi Kanjogera, akaba umwe mu bana basaga cumi na batanu (15) Rwabugili yabyaranye n’abagore babarirwa muri 20. Yimye ingoma mu Ukuboza 1896 kugeza ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1931, asimbuye Mibambwe IV Rutalindwa nyuma y’intambara yo ku Rucunshu, hanyuma na we asimburwa n’umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahirwa (1931-1959).
Yuhi V Musinga yatanze ku wa 13 Mutarama 1944, aguye mu buhungiro i Moba mu majyepfo ya Congo Belge (RDC y’ubu), nyuma yo kwirukanwa n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi bakamusimbuza umuhungu we Mutara III Rudahigwa. Kimwe mu byo bamuhoye ni uko yari yaranze kugendera ku mabwiriza yabo nk’Abakoloni, no kuyoboka Imana yabo.
Kwima ingoma mu bibazo
Ingoma ye yaranzwe n’ibihe bibi mu mateka y’u Rwanda, kuko inkingi za mwamba zari zisigasiye ubuzima bw’igihugu, zashenywe ku ngoma ye no kuba Ababiligi baramuciriye ishyanga, nyuma yo kumwambura agaciro mu buryo bwose.
Musinga yabyawe na Kigeri IV Rwabugiri na Kanjogera mu 1883. Se wa Musinga amaze gufata icyemezo cy’uko azasimburwa n’umuhungu we Rutalindwa, yamuhaye ubutegetsi ku buryo butaziguye, basa n’aho bategekanye mu myaka ye ya nyuma (guhera mu 1889).
Nk’uko Musenyeri Kagame Alexis yabyanditse mu muvugo yatuye Musinga, Abiru bakuru babwiye Rwabugili ko kuba Kanjogera azaba umugabekazi, bishobora guteza ibibazo ndetse n’intambara yo kurwanira ingoma.
Musinga yagiye ku ngoma nyuma y’aho ba nyirarume na nyina Kanjogera bakoresheje amayeri n’intambara, byatumye Rutalindwa yitwikira mu nzu ku Rucunshu. Rutalindwa yitwikiye mu nzu n’abana n’umugore hamwe n’ingoma z’ingabe. Icyo gihe ni bwo nyirarume wa Musinga abwiye rubanda ati “Haguma umwami, ingoma irabazwa”.
Mu gihe abari ku ruhande rwa Rutalindwa barimo mukuru we Muhigirwa bamubwiraga kwikiza Musinga, we yanze kumena amaraso ya mwenese. Ubwo yakomeje kwizera Kanjogera bavuga ko yagiye amuroga buhoro buhoro ku buryo mu by’ukuri bajya kumutera ku Rucunshu, bari bamaze kumumaraho amaboko. Abayobozi b’ingabo bakomeye bari bamushyigikiye baragambaniwe nabo bagenda bicwa urusorongo.
Nyuma y’umwaduko w’abazungu, Musinga amaze kumva ko abapadiri bera baje kandi bazamara igihe, nabo yabanje kubakoresha abemerera kujya gushinga za misiyoni kure y’i Bwami, mbere na mbere aho yumvaga hashobora kuva abashoboraga kwigomeka ku ngoma ye.
Kwirukanwa n’abakoloni
Nyuma y’intambara ya mbere y’Isi (1945), Abadage bamaze gutsindwa n’Ababiligi mu Rwanda, bahambiriye utwabo berekeza i Tanganyika aho bavuye basubira ku mugabane w’Uburayi.
Ababiligi bamaze kwigarurira u Rwanda, bambuye Musinga ububasha bwose yari yaragumanye nk’umwami ku bw’Abadage, ndetse bamwambura n’ububasha bwo kugira ingabo. Ibyo byari bivuze ko ubusugire bw’Igihugu bwari bugiye mu nshingano z’abera, bituma Musinga atumvikana n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi.
Uretse ibyo kandi, Umwami Musinga ntiyigeze yumvikana n’abapadiri bera, yanga no kubatizwa ndetse ategeka abamukomokaho bose kutazigera bayoboka Imana y’abazungu.
Hagati aho ariko umwe muri ba nyirarume ba Musinga yasabye Abera kubaka ishuri ry’abana b’abatware i Nyanza, kuko we yari yaramaze kubona ko ubumenyi bwigishwa n’abazungu bwari bufite ireme ryo guteza imbere Igihugu.
Kutumvikana kwa Musinga n’abazungu, abakoloni n’abanyamadini, byamuviriyemo kunyagwa ingoma abazungu batangira gutegura impfura ye Rudahigwa ngo amusimbure kuko we yari yarabaye umutoni wabo, hanyuma amusimbura ku Ngoma ku izina rya Mutara III.
Abakoloni bamaze kunyaga ingoma Musinga, bamuciriye i Kamembe (mu Karere ka Rusizi) mu 1931, arahaba kugeza mu 1942 ari bwo Ababiligi bafataga icyemezo cyo kumucira ishyanga muri Congo yari igitegekwa n’Ababiligi (Congo Belge), bamujyana i Moba ari naho yaguye ku itariki 13 Mutarama 1944.
Ubutegetsi bwa Yuhi V Musinga bwaranzwe n’ibintu bine by’ingenzi: Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi yose, no kwirukanwa kw’Abadage bikozwe n’Ababiligi, kwagura ububasha bw’umwami mu gihugu hose, amatsinda menshi y’abahataniraga gushaka kujya ku ngoma n’inzara ya Ruzagayura yo mu 1928-29.
Icyahitanye Musinga ntabwo cyamenyekanye by’imvaho, ariko amateka avuga ko yazize urw’ikirago, umugogo we ugatwarwa n’Ababiligi nubwo nabyo nta gihamya kibyemeza.
Andi makuru ahari avuga ko yarwariye ubushita i Kamembe muri Rusizi, aho yabanje kuba mbere yo kujyanwa i Moba (Kilembwe) aho yaguye amaze imyaka 13 aciwe mu gihugu cye.
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