Mu mateka ya Afurika, usanga abayobozi benshi bararwaniye kuguma ku butegetsi igihe kirekire, bamwe bagahindura amategeko n’itegeko shinga, abandi bakayobora kugeza bahiritswe cyangwa bapfuye. Ni yo mpamvu kwegura ku bushake cyangwa kwanga kongera kwiyamamaza kandi ugikunzwe bifatwa nk’ikintu kidasanzwe ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Nyamara hari abayobozi bake basize umurage udasanzwe, bagaragaza ko ubuyobozi ari inshingano zo gukorera abaturage aho kuba umutungo bwite. Bamwe bavuye ku butegetsi bavuga ko bashaka kuruhuka, abandi bavuga ko igihugu gikeneye amaraso mashya, mu gihe hari n’ababitewe n’ibibazo by’ubuzima.
Dore abayobozi batanu bakunze kuvugwa nk’ingero z’abakuru b’ibihugu ba Afurika bemeye kurekura ubutegetsi ku bushake, kandi bagasiga umurage ukomeye mu bihugu byabo.
1. Nelson Mandela (Afurika y’Epfo)
Nelson Mandela yabaye Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 1999, nyuma yo kuyobora urugamba rwo guca burundu ivanguramoko rya Apartheid ryari rimaze imyaka myinshi ryarazahaje igihugu.
Mu myaka itanu yamaze ku butegetsi, Mandela yibanze ku bumwe bw’Abanyafurika y’Epfo, ubwiyunge hagati y’abazungu n’abirabura, kongera kubaka icyizere cy’igihugu ndetse no kugisubiza ku ruhando mpuzamahanga.
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Nubwo yari akunzwe cyane kandi nta cyari kumubuza kongera gutorerwa indi manda, yahisemo kuva ku butegetsi mu 1999 nyuma ya manda imwe gusa. Yavuze ko demokarasi ikwiye gushinga imizi kandi ko igihe cyari kigeze ngo haboneke ibisekuru bishya by’abayobozi.
Kugeza uyu munsi, Mandela afatwa nk’umwe mu bayobozi batanze urugero rwiza rw’ihererekanyabubasha muri Afurika.
2. Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Tanzania)
Julius Nyerere, uzwi nka “Mwalimu”, ni umwe mu babyeyi b’igihugu cya Tanzania. Yabaye Perezida kuva igihugu cyabona ubwigenge kugeza mu 1985, ayobora imyaka irenga 20.
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Mu buyobozi bwe, yashyize imbere ubumwe bw’igihugu, uburezi kuri bose ndetse no kubaka igihugu gifite indangagaciro zo kwigira. Ni we wagize uruhare runini mu gutuma Tanzania iba kimwe mu bihugu bifite amahoro n’ubumwe bukomeye muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.
Mu 1985 yahisemo kuva ku butegetsi ku bushake, agaragaza ko igihugu gikeneye abayobozi bashya n’ibitekerezo bishya. Yabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba mbere muri Afurika berekanye ko umuntu ashobora kurekura ubutegetsi atabihatiwe.
3. Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal)
Léopold Sédar Senghor yabaye Perezida wa mbere wa Senegal nyuma y’ubwigenge mu 1960. Yari azwi cyane nk’umunyapolitiki, umusizi ndetse n’umwe mu bashinze filozofiya ya “Négritude” yaharaniraga ishema ry’Abanyafurika.
Mu gihe cye, Senegal yabaye kimwe mu bihugu byari bifite ituze rya politiki kurusha ibindi byinshi byo muri Afurika byari bimaze kubona ubwigenge. Yashyize imbere uburezi, umuco n’ubusabane mpuzamahanga.
Mu 1980, nyuma y’imyaka 20 ayobora igihugu, Senghor yeguye ku bushake avuga ko igihe cyari kigeze ngo urubyiruko n’abandi bayobozi bahabwe amahirwe yo kuyobora igihugu. Yasimbuwe na Abdou Diouf mu buryo bw’amahoro.
4. Ahmadou Ahidjo (Cameroon)
Ahmadou Ahidjo ni we Perezida wa mbere wa Cameroon nyuma y’ubwigenge. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu guhuza ibice byari bikolonijwe n’u Bufaransa n’u Bwongereza kugira ngo bibe igihugu kimwe.
Mu gihe cye hubatswe ibikorwa remezo byinshi kandi igihugu kigira ituze rya politiki n’ubukungu ugereranyije n’ibihugu byinshi byo muri ako karere. (YouTube)
Mu 1982 yeguye ku mwanya wa Perezida nyuma y’imyaka 22 ku butegetsi. Impamvu yatangaje ku mugaragaro ni ibibazo by’ubuzima n’umunaniro byari bimaze igihe bimugaragaraho. Yasimbuwe na Paul Biya, na we ukiyoboye Cameroon kugeza magingo aya.
5. Siaka Stevens (Sierra Leone)
Siaka Stevens yayoboye Sierra Leone kuva mu 1968 kugeza mu 1985. Mu gihe cye, igihugu cyabonye ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo no mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, cyane cyane diyama yari ishingiro ry’ubukungu bwacyo.
Mu 1985, Stevens yahisemo kuva ku butegetsi ku bushake nyuma y’imyaka 17 ayobora igihugu. Yatangaje ko ashaka kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru no guha abandi bayobozi amahirwe yo gukomeza kuyobora igihugu.
Nubwo amateka ye akomeje kugibwaho impaka n’abasesenguzi, kwegura kwe ku bushake byabaye kimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi byaranze ubuzima bwe bwa politiki.
Nubwo buri umwe muri aba bayobozi yayoboye mu bihe n’imiterere bitandukanye, bahuriye ku kintu kimwe gikomeye: kwemera ko ubutegetsi atari umurage umuntu agomba kugumana ubuziraherezo.
Nelson Mandela yagaragaje ko demokarasi ishinga imizi iyo abayobozi bubahiriza ihererekanyabubasha. Nyerere yerekanye ko igihugu gikeneye ibitekerezo bishya uko ibihe bihinduka. Senghor yerekanye ko kuva ku butegetsi bishobora gukorwa mu mahoro. Ahidjo na Stevens na bo bagaragaje ko umuyobozi ashobora kurekura ubutegetsi ku bushake aho gutegereza guhatirwa kubuvaho.
